About the Database

Overview / Acknowledgments / Purpose / Database and Web Site Development / Bilingualism / Directors / Films / Bibliographies / Archival Resources / Quotations / Images / About the Database Creator

Overview

The Canadian Women Film Directors Database is a bilingual research tool containing bibliographies, filmographies, quotations, and other information about Canadian women directors and their films. Margaret Fulford, a librarian at the University of Toronto, is responsible for all aspects of the project (including research, database design and development using MySQL, and web site development using PHP).

Acknowledgments

I am grateful to the University of Toronto for granting me research leave in 2006-2007 to undertake this project and in 2014-2015 and 2021-2022 to expand the content of the database.

Special thanks go to Professor Kay Armatage, for enthusiastically supporting this project and providing much valuable advice.

Many thanks to my family and friends for their suggestions, assistance, and encouragement.

I am also grateful to the open source community for developing MySQL and PHP.

-- Margaret Fulford, University College Librarian, University of Toronto

Purpose

It is hoped that the Database will be a valuable tool for scholars, students, cinephiles, and others interested in women's cinema or Canadian film; will facilitate research on Canadian women directors; and will highlight the role of women directors in Canadian cinema, and the role of Canadians in international women's cinema.

Database and Web Site Development

The database and web site were developed using the open source database management system MySQL and the programming language PHP. When researchers search or browse this web site, their queries are relayed via PHP to the MySQL database, and web pages are then generated dynamically. The database contains over 50 related tables, which in turn contain more than 250 columns (i.e., fields). There are over 4,000 PHP statements in the files which generate the web site's pages.

Bilingualism

The French and English versions of the web site contain identical data, displayed slightly differently:

With a few minor exceptions, citations are formatted on the English web site according to the Chicago Manual of Style (University of Chicago Press), and on the French site according to Le guide du rédacteur (Translation Bureau, Government of Canada).
The bibliographies include all citations about a director or film, regardless of the language of the publications. On the English web site, any citation for a non-English publication is followed by a note indicating the language of publication. On the French site, non-French publications are noted in the same way.
On the English site, English quotations are displayed first, followed by French quotations; on the French site, the French quotations appear first.
If an identical description of a film exists in both languages (as is often the case with descriptions provided by the National Film Board of Canada), then the English description is included on the English site and the French description on the French site. If there is a French description that does not exist in English, then the French description is displayed on the English site, under the heading "Film Description [in French]") -- and vice versa.
If an identical note about a film or director exists in both languages, the English note is displayed on the English site and the French note on the French site; if the note only exists in one language, it is displayed on both the English and French sites.

Directors

An important aspect of this project has been the identification of Canadian women film directors. The names of female directors were culled from many books on Canadian or Quebec cinema, the National Film Board web site, and other sources, to establish a list of 1,746 Canadian women who have directed at least one short or feature film. (This list will continue to grow as additional directors are identified.)

To date, detailed records have been added to the database for 765 directors; this includes 22 featured directors. More detailed records will be added over time.

The database includes women directors who live or have lived in Canada (but not those who only visited Canada to shoot a film there). It includes directors whose films have been shown in cinemas, at film festivals, in art galleries, on television, or on video-on-demand platforms (but not those who have only made student or amateur films).

The database includes brief biographical information about some directors, drawn from a variety of sources such as the Canadian Film Encyclopedia and Le dictionnaire du cinéma québécois (Coulombe and Jean, 2006). All sources of biographical information are cited.

Films

Each director's record includes a filmography (i.e., a list of the films she has directed). The filmography links to individual records for each film, containing information such as year, length (rounded off to the nearest minute), alternate titles, and partial credits. Where possible, they also contain further information such as a description of the film, notes about the film, a link to a videoclip, etc. The filmographies currently contain detailed information for 2,656 films (and preliminary information for an additional 32 films).

The filmographies list both feature and short films and may include documentaries, fiction, experimental films, animation, or video art. Non-Canadian productions by Canadian directors are included. Films made for television are included (but not television series). The following are not included: publicity films, commercials, filmstrips, multimedia kits, and music videos.

Sources for filmographic data are cited (e.g. the National Film Board catalogue and the Cinémathèque québécoise web site). Quite often, two sources will contain contradictory film data for a given director. In such cases an effort has been made to select the most reliable information, but film details should be taken with a grain of salt.

Bibliographies

The bibliographies about directors and their films include citations of books, book chapters, journal articles, magazine and newspaper articles, dissertations, documentaries, selected web sites, etc. The bibliographies currently contain 6,334 citations. The bibliographies will continue to grow as additional publications are identified and entered into the database.

A wide range of publications is included in the bibliographies. However:

Articles which only contain film synopses or credits are not included.
"Mini-reviews" or "short reviews" of films are not included (but regular film reviews are).
Magazine and newspaper articles are only included if they are in French or English (but journal articles are included regardless of language).
Newspaper articles are included selectively, with a preference for Canadian newspapers and major international papers.
Relevant publications written by a director, if any, are listed in the director's bibliography. A few directors happen also to be academics; their academic publications are not included in their bibliography. (If a director has written criticism about another woman film director, then this criticism is listed in the bibliography of the director about whom it is written.).

Bibliographic data have been gathered from a wide range of sources. (Note that the compiler has not directly viewed all publications and so cannot guarantee the accuracy of all details.) Sources consulted include library catalogues, periodical indexes, databases, and bibliographies in film studies, women's studies, Canadian studies, etc. -- for example, Film Literature Index; the FIAF International Index to Film Periodicals; Canadian Film and Video: A Bibliography and Guide to the Literature (Lerner, University of Toronto Press, 1997); Gender Studies Database; MLA International Bibliography; WorldCat; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database; Repère; the Canadian Periodical Index; etc.

Archival Resources

The database indicates in a director's record which archival institutions, if any, have holdings related to the director or her films. The nature and extent of these holdings is not indicated, but a link is provided to the institution's web site, where those interested can search by director name to view a description of the holdings.

Quotations

The database currently contains 2,534 quotations (taken from books, articles, etc.), 29 percent of them in French (745 quotations) and 71 percent in English (1,789 quotations).

Images

Some of the individual film records in the database are accompanied by a publicity image. If any film company would prefer that a publicity image of theirs not be included in this database, please contact Margaret Fulford.

About the Database Creator

Margaret Fulford is a librarian at the University of Toronto, where she has worked since 2001. Previously, she worked for the Canadian Women's Movement Archives, the Music Library of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the Toronto Reference Library, and the Canadian Health Network.

She edited The Canadian Women's Movement, 1960-1990: A Guide to Archival Resources / Le mouvement canadien des femmes, 1960-1990 : guide de ressources archivistiques (ECW Press, 1992), and she co-developed (with Ginette Chandonnet) the thesaurus of the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (2001).

She has also created several interactive Women in Film Quizzes.